Post History

There will be various clues, but sometimes they can mislead. "I'm on Gnome" means something very different in a modern Ubuntu vs one still hanging around from 10 years ago. (best not to do that)

# First remember: to get good help, you have to ask well

When you need help, you want the right help and to not waste a lot of time getting it. There is ancient and universal advice to help you do this. In the world of computer systems this is one of the best:

["How To Ask Questions The Smart Way" at https://www.catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html](https://www.catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html), or if the webserver certificate is still broken [an archive copy](https://web.archive.org/web/20250329185541/https://www.catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html) may help.

From this I will pick out three key quotes,

1.
   > we are not a help desk for your project

   by which they mean, please use the advice on that page to help formulate your question, but ask it here on Codidact rather than by emailing Eric or Rick.
2.
   > Among hackers _\[ he means computer people, not criminals ]_, “Good question!” is a strong and sincere compliment.
3.
   > If you get a reply \[ like ] “Google is your friend!” \[ or ] a pointer to the previous thread where this problem was solved. \[...]
   > You shouldn't be offended by this; by hacker standards, your respondent is showing you a rough kind of respect simply by not ignoring you.

Many of us would prefer to teach you the basics of fishing, rather than shoulder the burden of sending you a fish every day.

# Start with universal

There are many graphical environments, but the underlying command line has a continuity and consistency which is valuable here.

Let's start with something basic, simple and safe. Something that is almost guaranteed to work everywhere, without installing extra tools.

If it helps you start building some skills then it's a bonus for later.

1. Open a terminal window.
   * Often this is on the keyboard shortcut `ctrl alt t`. Hold down the keys `ctrl` and `alt`, then type one `t` and release the other keys.
   * You may also find it in the menu system or list of apps as Xterm, Console, Terminal, rxvt, Command Line or Command Prompt. It might have an icon like `>_`
   * If you search thoroughly and cannot find a command prompt, you may have some kind of "kiosk" computer that is deliberately restricted to prevent access to running commands.
2. You should see a blank window with a line like `myname@computer:~$ ` but they can vary. This is the command prompt. It is a powerful tool, and like any tool you want to know that you're going to be safe using it.
3. If you have very little confidence and knowledge with such things, do remember that _this is a place to be cautious_. You want to be sure that advice you follow is trying to help you, not trying to steal your banking details.
4. Enter `lsb_release -a` and press Enter. You will get a few lines of output.
   * Spell it right or it won't work. The spaces, underscore `_` and hyphen `-` all need to be just so; as does other punctuation you may see later.
   * Yes, you can copy-paste the command from a web page to a terminal, but there are good reasons to cultivate a habit of not doing that. _A question for another day._
5. Later you may want to find out what it will do _before_ running it. You can use `man lsb_release` and press Enter to see the manual page. Press space to scroll down and `q` to quit.
6. The output should look similar to
   ```
   mcast@beeep:~$ lsb_release -a
   No LSB modules are available.
   Distributor ID:	Ubuntu
   Description:	Ubuntu 24.04.2 LTS
   Release:	24.04
   Codename:	noble
   ```
   * Now you know that it is Ubuntu 24, and a web search for "ubuntu noble" will take you to the [release information](https://releases.ubuntu.com/noble/).
7. If you got an error message instead, another safe universal command is `uname -a`
   * Keep the error message. Even if you don't understand it yet, it's useful to show to anyone who might help you.
   * It works on many more types of computer - really old Linux, Android (if you can reach it), MacOS, other BSDs and more...
   * It is an almost universally accepted command giving a short, distinctive answer.
   * Except on Microsoft Windows where if it works it could mislead.
8. The rest of the information is useful to paste into questions you may ask later, even if it didn't help you it will help guide the answers people may offer you.
9. There is nothing secret in the output of this command. (In others, there might be.)
10. When you've finished, you can close the window with any of
    * type `exit` and press Enter, or
    * type `ctrl d` which in this context on a blank line is a shortcut for `exit`, because it means "end of input", or
    * use the usual window close button. People who "live" on the command line make a habit of avoiding that, _question for another day._

<details>
<summary>More examples of output</summary>

```
mcast@baked:~$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Debian
Description:    Debian GNU/Linux 12 (bookworm)
Release:        12
Codename:       bookworm
mcast@baked:~$ uname -a
Linux baked 6.1.0-32-cloud-amd64 #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Debian 6.1.129-1 (2025-03-06) x86_64 GNU/Linux
```

```
mcast@toffeepi:~ $ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID:	Raspbian
Description:	Raspbian GNU/Linux 11 (bullseye)
Release:	11
Codename:	bullseye
mcast@toffeepi:~ $ uname -a
Linux toffeepi 5.10.103-v7+ #1529 SMP Tue Mar 8 12:21:37 GMT 2022 armv7l GNU/Linux
```

</details>

These are not Ubuntu but Debian and Raspbian; not [Noble Numbat](https://releases.ubuntu.com/noble/) but [Bookworm](https://www.debian.org/releases/bookworm/) and [Bullseye](https://www.debian.org/releases/bullseye/). It happens that I like these flavours best in recent years.

The next command you need to run work the same way on these, but other distros are different. That's why we ask `lsb_release -a` first.


# Ask it what desktop package is installed

The different Linux distributors have their own ways to list package information, which is why the above it the first place to start. Some (such as Ubuntu and Debian) share a lot of tools.

The different release versions also have their own ways of collecting a desktop operating system into different packages, and these have changed over time.

Individual releases of any Linux distribution, especially the larger ones, may have multiple desktop environments. You might have a desktop environment for a large or small computer; a KDE one or a Gnome one. The questions you ask later will depend on these next answers.

| Distributor | Query command |
| --- | --- |
| Debian, Ubuntu, Raspbian / Raspberry Pi OS | `dpkg -l '*desktop*'` <br/> `dpkg -s ubuntu-desktop` |
| Red Hat, Fedora | (um, some `rpm -q` thing but I don't have one here to test) |

These should produce a table with quite a few lines of output, some of which is irrelevant. I suggest these commands because they are safe, reasonably likely to cover the necessary information, and always available.

At this point it starts to get complicated, and what is needed next (which I don't have) would be a good overview of the names of metapackages or key dependencies for a wide range of desktop environments on the major distros.

However I believe this answer puts the OP in a much better position for asking a more specific question which can get better results.