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Adding mount points to an existing partition that already has one

I have `/` mounted on a relatively small partition and `/home` on a larger one taking up most of the rest of the drive (as seems to be common practice). I'd like to move certain other parts of the filesystem onto the main partition - notably:

* `/var` (especially `/var/log`), since it tends to grow in size progressively as I use the system and I don't want to do regular cleanup

* `/tmp` (I'm aware I can use tmpfs for this, but...)

* `/usr/local` (for me this basically only has things I compiled myself, so I'm not worried about e.g. losing track of those things when reinstalling Linux)

I've heard that there's something called a "bind mount" that can be used to allow multiple mount points to share the same partition. But can this still work if the partition already has something mounted on it normally?

What's a minimally disruptive way to relocate these folders? (Are there any special consideration specific to what's being moved?)