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Suppose you currently use the partition /dev/sda1 for everything, and you create a new partition /dev/sda2 to use for /home. It doesn't matter if the partition is on a different physical drive, same drive, LVM, etc.
All you have to do is move your files to the new partition, and make sure it is mounted at /home automatically during boot.
The automount configuration is in /etc/fstab (https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Fstab). In short, for home you can use something like:
UUID=abcd1234 /home ext4 rw,relatime 0 2
Note that it's better to specify the partition with UUID. I am giving examples as /dev/sda* for simplicity.
You should test this with a dummy folder, like /home-test, so that if you make a mistake and it fails to mount you don't end up with a broken homedir.

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