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Q&A

General Q&A about Linux and Unix-like operating systems

84%
+9 −0
In a bash shell script, how to filter the command line argument list to unique entries only, for processing each?

I have a handful of shell scripts that accept any number of command line arguments, then do some relatively expensive processing based on each command line argument in turn. The general format for ...

3 answers  ·  posted 1y ago by Canina‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by Quasímodo‭

83%
+8 −0
What are phased updates, and why does Ubuntu use them?

So I ran into that weird "packages being held back" problem while updating my system using apt. After some research, it appears to be the result of "phased updates". What are phased updates, any...

1 answer  ·  posted 6mo ago by ArrayBolt3‭  ·  last activity 6mo ago by ArrayBolt3‭

81%
+7 −0
What does a minimal /etc/hosts need to contain?

I run an environment that, until recently, did all local name resolution by putting names in /etc/hosts. I'm in the process of replacing that with local DNS. The DNS part works fine, and now I'm tr...

1 answer  ·  posted 11mo ago by ajv‭  ·  last activity 10mo ago by dsr‭

81%
+7 −0
What partition type should be used for cross-platform FAT partitions?

Question What partition type should I use for FAT partitions such that Linux and Windows systems both recognize the drive? Notes I am partitioning the drive with fdisk and making the filesystem ...

1 answer  ·  posted 6mo ago by young_souvlaki‭  ·  last activity 5mo ago by Ullallulloo‭

80%
+6 −0
A shell script that can run under different shells

I have a shell script with a syntax compatible to both bash and zsh, except for a section that has zsh specific syntax that throws syntax errors if sourced from bash. Is there an easy way to escap...

2 answers  ·  posted 1y ago by 4015.alt‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by mjy‭

80%
+6 −0
Why is Pause/Break key is immediately released? Can that be fixed?

Since the Pause key is useless, I tried to map it to a modifier key. What is straightforward for other keys turned out not to work fine for Pause. By inspecting the output of xev -event keyboard |...

1 answer  ·  posted 1y ago by Quasímodo‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by Quasímodo‭

80%
+6 −0
Does /proc/config.gz always contain all supported options of a kernel?

Assuming I have a running Linux system that has the /proc/config.gz file: Does the (unpacked) file always contain all of the options the particular kernel supports, including commented out like: ...

1 answer  ·  posted 1y ago by sktpin‭  ·  edited 6mo ago by Quasímodo‭

80%
+6 −0
How do I deal with a "pending update to "snap-store" snap, close the app to avoid disruption" notification in Ubuntu 22.04?

For several days now, I've been getting a notification telling me that there's a pending update to the "snap-store", and to close the app to avoid disruption. I first got this notification while...

1 answer  ·  posted 6mo ago by Mithical‭  ·  last activity 6mo ago by Quasímodo‭

77%
+5 −0
Installing Ruby on MacOS 12.2 (or 11.6) produces compilation errors in the downloaded source; how do I fix?

A project I want to work on requires Ruby. I was directed to RVM or rbenv. I tried rbenv first because it has Mac instructions, ran into failures, uninstalled it and installed RVM, and still ran ...

1 answer  ·  posted 1y ago by Monica Cellio‭  ·  edited 11mo ago by Monica Cellio‭

77%
+5 −0
How to figure out the licenses of files installed from packages?

On a Linux system, a lot of files are installed from packages, many of which have different licenses (and sometimes different licenses for different files in the package). If I want to figure out ...

1 answer  ·  posted 1y ago by celtschk‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by Quasímodo‭

77%
+5 −0
Capture separate _and_ combined stdout/stderr

Using BASH, how can I redirect stdout and stderr each, to two separate files, simultaneously? That's a mouthful, let me clarify a little: I have a hypothetical script that may/will generate outpu...

1 answer  ·  posted 11mo ago by jaybeers‭  ·  last activity 11mo ago by Quasímodo‭

75%
+4 −0
Desktop Multiplexer for Linux? (GNU Screen for GUI apps)

GNU Screen and Tmux allow you to run command-line programs on a server, and 'disconnect' from them but let them keep running remotely. This is great if your primary computer is a laptop and it has...

1 answer  ·  posted 1y ago by re89j‭  ·  edited 1y ago by re89j‭

75%
+4 −0
How do I safely replace brew on Big Sur?

I'm still trying to solve my problem with installing Ruby on a new Mac, and some discussions are saying that I need to reinstall brew because of the change from the old chipset to the M1. (I'm jus...

2 answers  ·  posted 1y ago by Monica Cellio‭  ·  last activity 11mo ago by Monica Cellio‭

75%
+4 −0
Make Less use a normal view instead of hexdump view

Less does not display data files normally, but if it were some sort of Xxd. $ bash --norc $ export LESS= $ file -i /var/log/lastlog /var/log/lastlog: application/octet-stream; charset=binary $...

1 answer  ·  posted 1y ago by Quasímodo‭  ·  edited 1y ago by Quasímodo‭

75%
+4 −0
How to get number of files in directory

How do you find out the number of files in a directory from the command line?

1 answer  ·  posted 8mo ago by young_souvlaki‭  ·  last activity 8mo ago by Canina‭

75%
+4 −0
Retrieve changes that closed a Debian bug

If a Debian bug number is referenced in the changelog of an uploaded package, it is automatically closed with a generic message: We believe that the bug you reported is fixed in the latest versi...

1 answer  ·  posted 6mo ago by Quasímodo‭  ·  last activity 5mo ago by bgstack15‭

75%
+4 −0
How to forward SSH access of one machine, through another, to the rest of a network?

I have a setup with two Raspberry PIs, a CM3 module with only a USB connection to the outside, and the Pi4 with a lot of connectors. I set up things such that CM3 functions as USB Gadget, and once...

2 answers  ·  posted 1y ago by CanisSomnolentus‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by Grove‭

75%
+4 −0
How to convert PDF to docx

How can I convert PDF to docx using the terminal or a Linux app? The output docx must be formatted with editable text. Some alternative solutions I've seen online using soffice and abiword output...

2 answers  ·  posted 3mo ago by young_souvlaki‭  ·  last activity 2mo ago by samcarter‭

75%
+4 −0
What is the best way to identify changes from the default configuration in Raspbian systems?

I've got a Raspberry Pi running Raspbian, which I'd like to reinstall from scratch. However over time I've made many changes to the configuration (installed new packages, changed the name of the de...

1 answer  ·  posted 2y ago by celtschk‭  ·  last activity 2y ago by Canina‭

72%
+6 −1
How do I get lubuntu to not prompt non-admins about updates?

I have an old Mac Mini (Late 2009 model) kicking around, and as Apple stopped providing patches for it (and as I'm not going to put an unpatched system on the Internet), I was looking for a Linux d...

1 answer  ·  posted 2y ago by Peter Cooper Jr.‭  ·  last activity 2y ago by deleted user

71%
+3 −0
How to configure GNOME Keyring to by default NOT automatically unlock keyrings whenever logged in, on Debian?

On a Debian Buster system I use, the password for connecting to a VPN is stored in the GNOME Keyring. Therefore, whenever I want to connect to the VPN in question, I get prompted to unlock my keyri...

1 answer  ·  posted 2y ago by Canina‭  ·  edited 2y ago by deleted user

71%
+3 −0
Recursively remove files with the same name as the ones that end in `.part`

I want to remove all files with the ".part" extension in the current directory and its subdirectories, including files with the same name but different extension. Is this correct? find . -name '*...

1 answer  ·  posted 3mo ago by ShadowsRanger‭  ·  last activity 2mo ago by Quasímodo‭

71%
+3 −0
Why is libvkd3d1 not upgrading on my system? (lubuntu 20.04 LTS)

Why is libvkd3d1 not upgrading on my system? (lubuntu 20.04 LTS) When I run sudo apt update, apt flags libvkd3d1 and libvkd3d1:i386 as upgradable, but sudo apt upgrade does nothing and reports tha...

1 answer  ·  posted 1y ago by Darth_Muldoon‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by Canina‭

71%
+3 −0
Close all desktop notifications

I'd like to hide/dismiss/remove all the notifications that applications like Signal have created. I know I can create notifications with, for example, notify-send -t 10000 "🤖 Here goes my message"...

1 answer  ·  posted 1y ago by Matthias Braun‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by Matthias Braun‭

71%
+3 −0
Reverse shell with named pipe and netcat

This blog post describes a privilege escalation, exploiting tar's --checkpoint-action option. The privilege escalation is used to solve a TryHackMe challenge. The root user calls tar via cron whi...

0 answers  ·  posted 1y ago by Matthias Braun‭  ·  edited 1y ago by Matthias Braun‭

71%
+3 −0
What does capital T mean in the output of 'ls -l'?

I had a nightly cronjob start throwing errors about "inappropriate permissions..." rsync: [generator] failed to set permissions on "/data2/home/redacted/alsoredacted/opt/dell/srvadmin/var/log/open...

2 answers  ·  posted 1y ago by re89j‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by Quasímodo‭

71%
+3 −0
Disable transient symbols for compose and dead keys in GTK programs

An article in the GTK blog explains the situation very well, but here is my go at it. In my keyboard layout, accents are handled as dead keys, so to insert "ë", first I type ¨ and then e. Nothing ...

1 answer  ·  posted 1y ago by Quasímodo‭  ·  last activity 4mo ago by Quasímodo‭

71%
+3 −0
How to detect if a Linux Docker host has had unwelcome guests?

I plan to set up a Raspberry Pi to host some dockerized apps, for it to be accessible to the Internet through a remote proxy, and since I'm no sysadmin, I'm trying to come up with a suitable policy...

1 answer  ·  posted 1y ago by nnlei‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by Canina‭

71%
+3 −0
Is this a robust way to distinguish explicitly installed packages from those pulled in as dependencies?

When exploring the commands from this answer to my previous question, I found that the ist of packages includes a lot that were automatically installed due to dependencies. Obviously I'm interested...

1 answer  ·  posted 2y ago by celtschk‭  ·  last activity 2y ago by Peter Taylor‭

71%
+3 −0
Why does the file command fail to recognize non-text files as such?

POSIX defines Text file as A file that contains characters organized into zero or more lines. The lines do not contain NUL characters and none can exceed {LINE_MAX} bytes in length, inclu...

2 answers  ·  posted 2y ago by Quasímodo‭  ·  last activity 2y ago by LawrenceC‭

71%
+3 −0
What does `emerge --update --newuse --deep @world` have to do with package removal?

In Debian-based distributions, one can update the system with apt upgrade and cleanup unused dependencies with apt autoremove. Period. On Gentoo that is apparently not as straightforward. From G...

0 answers  ·  posted 1y ago by Quasímodo‭  ·  edited 1y ago by Quasímodo‭

71%
+3 −0
How to use a detected USB RNDIS gadget as network adapter

I have a RaspberyPi module, with USB connected to another module computer (as USB host) running Linux. The RasPi is configured as USB ethernet gadget. Once I boot the RasPi, and enter dmesg on th...

1 answer  ·  posted 1y ago by sktpin‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by sktpin‭

71%
+3 −0
Get current server of pacman

How do I get the URL of the remote repository that pacman uses to download packages? I know that I can tell pacman which server to use by editing /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist. But in my case, all of t...

1 answer  ·  posted 1y ago by Matthias Braun‭  ·  edited 1y ago by Matthias Braun‭

71%
+3 −0
how to determine from the command line whether a DVD is encrypted

I am currently ripping a bunch of DVDs. Some are encrypted, and some are not. My method for ripping a DVD depends on whether or not it is encrypted, so I am looking for a command-line method to det...

0 answers  ·  posted 11mo ago by Trevor‭  ·  edited 6mo ago by Canina‭

dvd
71%
+3 −0
Adding Python 3.11 to `$PATH`

Hi, I'm new here. So basically I builded Python 3.11 (https://python.org/) from source (from GitHub python/cpython branch "3.11"). So, here what I did : (obviously first I downloaded the repo as...

1 answer  ·  posted 5mo ago by HGStyle‭  ·  last activity 5mo ago by Canina‭

71%
+3 −0
Treat underscores as word boundaries in terminal using vim mode

Question How do you specify underscores as Vim word boundaries when using vim mode in either bash or zsh? MWE w on this_word should place the cursor on the underscore. A second w should place th...

1 answer  ·  posted 2mo ago by young_souvlaki‭  ·  last activity 1mo ago by young_souvlaki‭

71%
+3 −0
How to persist keyboard repeat rate and delay for external devices

Problem I want to set a global keyboard rate for both the X session and the console that persists for external keyboards, across plug-ins and removals. To my understanding, Xorg and console sett...

0 answers  ·  posted 1mo ago by young_souvlaki‭  ·  edited 1mo ago by Quasímodo‭

66%
+2 −0
Copy to clipboard from terminal with Vim bindings

How do I copy to clipboard from terminal with yy, assuming it's configured to use Vim bindings? I am using zsh with bindkey -v.

0 answers  ·  posted 20d ago by young_souvlaki‭

66%
+2 −0
<!nocheck> meaning in Build-Depends

Trying to understand what exactly &lt;!nocheck&gt; does next to a package in build-depends (for example, Perl). Debian Wiki says: Terms can be negated by using an exclamation mark as a prefix ...

0 answers  ·  posted 16d ago by nteodosio‭

66%
+2 −0
Your Ruby version is 2.7.0, but your Gemfile specified 2.6.6.

In my Ruby project, when I try bundle install, I got: Your Ruby version is 2.7.0, but your Gemfile specified 2.6.6 I don't know how to solve it. I am using Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) U...

2 answers  ·  posted 1y ago by Kevin M. Mansour‭  ·  edited 1y ago by deleted user

66%
+2 −0
Bind brightness/volume and other special Fn keys in a tty

I am running Debian stretch on a Lenovo laptop with only a window manager (i.e. no desktop). Out of the box, this configuration of Debian ignores the keys with special Fn functions, such as volum...

1 answer  ·  posted 10mo ago by Quasímodo‭  ·  last activity 10mo ago by Quasímodo‭

66%
+2 −0
Quickly increase virtual console ("TTY") font size on the fly

I just want to "zoom in/out" in the text console, is there a straightforward command to do that? I have found various sources (1, 2, 3) that either suggest permanent changes (e.g. modifying config...

1 answer  ·  posted 1y ago by Quasímodo‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by Quasímodo‭

66%
+2 −0
I deselected a package and changed my mind. How to select it without re-emerging?

I executed emerge --deselect xournalpp , which means "I don't need the xournalpp package anymore", so it can be removed by a future --depclean action in case Portage figures xournalpp is not a ...

1 answer  ·  posted 1y ago by Quasímodo‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by Quasímodo‭

66%
+2 −0
Docking station block playing of audio on laptop

How can I manually set default audio device? I connected docking station and Lubuntu is somehow convinced that it can play audio. I want to continue using laptop speakers. Detaching docking stati...

1 answer  ·  posted 1y ago by Runaway_from_you_know_what‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by Runaway_from_you_know_what‭

66%
+2 −0
How to make vi-mode bindings in terminal copy to clipboard

If I want to yank my last command I can UP yy, but this does not copy to the system clipboard. How do I configure my terminal to copy to the system clipboard so I can paste into other programs? ...

1 answer  ·  posted 9mo ago by young_souvlaki‭  ·  last activity 8mo ago by InfiniteDissent‭

66%
+2 −0
grub loader can't detect Bliss OS | Shell

While this is about grub loader, this is likely to be a question of OS related. If it doesn't belong to this site than I will remove it. I had installed Bliss in sda2. Device Boot Start...

1 answer  ·  posted 2y ago by deleted user  ·  last activity 2y ago by deleted user

66%
+2 −0
Can I make a compressed RAM drive and externally prepare a (pre-)compressed file to copy onto it?

I don't know what these things are called exactly in the Linux world. But there is the concept of a drive in RAM, to write files onto and read them like it was any disk drive. There is also the c...

0 answers  ·  posted 1y ago by CanisSomnolentus‭

66%
+2 −0
VPN tunnel for outgoing connections but still allowing incoming bidirectional connections, using Wireguard or OpenVPN on Linux

For a particular use case, I need to be able to set up a Linux host (specifically Debian) to use a VPN tunnel for routing outgoing connections, but still allow incoming connections outside of that ...

0 answers  ·  posted 1y ago by Canina‭

66%
+2 −0
How to install printer driver for Canon PIXMA TR4522 printer in Arch Linux

I have used printers before in Arch Linux, but I can't figure out how to print with a Canon PIXMA TR4522 printer. More specifically, I am having trouble finding the correct driver. I have installe...

1 answer  ·  posted 1y ago by Trevor‭  ·  edited 6mo ago by Trilarion‭

66%
+2 −0
Access host device which bridges a connected device through same eth interface

I got 2 small computers running Linux. One acts as ethernet gadget, connected via USB to the other, the host. I set up a bridge, like so: ip link add name br0 type bridge ip link set dev br0 up...

1 answer  ·  posted 1y ago by sktpin‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by sktpin‭

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