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Q&A

General Q&A about Linux and Unix-like operating systems

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How to list the first x files in each directory

MWE With the following tree: l1 └── l2 ├── d0 │   ├── f0 │   ├── f1 │   ├── f2 │   ├── f3 │   ├── f4 │   └── f5 ├── d1 │   ├── f0 │   ├── f1 ...

1 answer  ·  posted 1d ago by young_souvlaki‭  ·  edited 20h ago by young_souvlaki‭

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How to overwrite each line with the next one?

I wrote a filter program to overwrite each line with the next one. $ cat /usr/local/bin/ovr #!/bin/sh sed '2,$s/^/\x1B[1A\x1B[K/'; Here's the behavior: $ echo | ovr $ echo 'foo' | ovr ...

1 answer  ·  posted 2d ago by alx‭  ·  last activity 14h ago by r~~‭

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How to get a mailto: URI out of abook(1)

I store my address book with abook(1). https://manpages.debian.org/bookworm/abook/abook.1.en.html Let's say I want to introduce some contact in some field that accepts the usual name <email&gt...

1 answer  ·  posted 10d ago by alx‭  ·  last activity 4d ago by alx‭

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How does the root user locate executables?

A little while ago I was helping someone with running Python in a virtual environment, as root, for some specific purpose. I determined easily enough that this requires explicitly specifying the pa...

1 answer  ·  posted 10d ago by Karl Knechtel‭  ·  last activity 10d ago by r~~‭

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Higher-order functions in Bash?

Say I have some Bash function my-func, that expects a filename and does some processing on the corresponding file. For demonstration purposes, my-func() { cat "$1"; } If I want to apply that fu...

1 answer  ·  posted 11d ago by Karl Knechtel‭  ·  last activity 11d ago by Kamil Maciorowski‭

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How to identify and separate standalone applications from libraries in Linux package lists?

I want to generate a list of trending Arch/AUR packages that focuses on user-facing applications rather than background libraries and dependencies. I wrote a script that uses the data from pkgstat...

0 answers  ·  posted 13d ago by ShadowsRanger‭  ·  edited 13d ago by ShadowsRanger‭

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Why does $XDG_DATA_HOME default to ~/.local/share?

Why does XDG_DATA_HOME default to ~/.local/share? Why not something less cryptic, like ~/.data? Why did they decide use that path?

1 answer  ·  posted 14d ago by matthewsnyder‭  ·  last activity 14d ago by r~~‭

xdg
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How can I get a Flatpak dependency graph?

flatpak uninstall --unused currently tells me that there is Nothing unused to uninstall. This seems wrong to me, based on the list of packages I see vs. the "root" packages I explicitly installed p...

0 answers  ·  posted 16d ago by Karl Knechtel‭

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How to see all header fields of an email in mutt?

Neomutt (and probably Mutt too, but I didn't try) seems to be hiding header fields from email, such as the Message-ID field, and fields that are added by SMTP servers when they receive the message....

1 answer  ·  posted 17d ago by alx‭  ·  edited 14d ago by matthewsnyder‭

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+3 −0
What are the concrete security risks of forcibly terminating a process?

I'm using the Gnome System Monitor in Linux Mint. Whenever I attempt to "End" or "Kill" a process, I am given this warning via a modal dialog (emphasis mine): Killing a process may destroy data,...

1 answer  ·  posted 21d ago by Karl Knechtel‭  ·  last activity 21d ago by matthewsnyder‭

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Nvidia docker runtime: Failed to create task for container

I installed the Nvidia container toolkit so I can use GPU acceleration in Docker containers. However, I can't get the containers to work: $ sudo docker run --runtime=nvidia nvidia/cuda:12.2.0-base...

1 answer  ·  posted 22d ago by matthewsnyder‭  ·  last activity 14d ago by matthewsnyder‭

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Are NixOS and Guix analogous projects?

From what I can tell, both NixOS and Guix are built around a package manager which, instead of installing package into the "common environment" as is traditional, isolates them to mitigate issues a...

1 answer  ·  posted 26d ago by matthewsnyder‭  ·  last activity 25d ago by r~~‭

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+1 −0
How do I find files?

How can I search for files on my system? Ideally, I would like to search by various criteria, like date, name, extension, etc.

1 answer  ·  posted 26d ago by matthewsnyder‭  ·  last activity 26d ago by matthewsnyder‭

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How do I tweak the start parameters of GUI apps?

There are many GUI apps on my computer that show up as eg. items in the start menu. When I launch these, what if I want to control how exactly they are launched, such as setting environment variabl...

1 answer  ·  posted 26d ago by matthewsnyder‭  ·  last activity 26d ago by matthewsnyder‭

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+1 −0
How do I globally configure consistent DPI for GUI apps?

How do I configure my system so that all GUI apps use a consistent DPI, without configuring each app individually?

0 answers  ·  posted 26d ago by matthewsnyder‭

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+1 −0
How to fix DPI for Spotify

Spotify runs on my computer with higher DPI (bigger UI elements) than I'd like. How can I reduce it?

1 answer  ·  posted 26d ago by matthewsnyder‭  ·  last activity 26d ago by matthewsnyder‭

60%
+1 −0
How to get a new IP address from DHCP?

How do I make my computer request a new IP from DHCP? I am using Arch with NetworkManager.

1 answer  ·  posted 28d ago by matthewsnyder‭  ·  last activity 28d ago by matthewsnyder‭

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+0 −0
How do you terminate a DHCP lease in OpenWrt?

I am testing some DHCP stuff, and I want to manually end a lease so I don't have to wait hours for them to expire. How can I do this with OpenWrt?

1 answer  ·  posted 28d ago by matthewsnyder‭  ·  last activity 28d ago by matthewsnyder‭

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Dnsmasq vs. dnscrypt-proxy

I am trying to run a DNS server on my LAN. I set it up where: Dnsmasq is the "initial" server that clients see Dnsmasq resolves internal domains, and handles overrides (such as if I want to blo...

0 answers  ·  posted 28d ago by matthewsnyder‭

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Documentation for double asterisk glob expansion

Where can I find documentation on double asterisk in glob expansion? It is discussed in the .gitignore section of Pro Git. It works in ls **/* to list all terminal files. It is supported by py...

2 answers  ·  posted 29d ago by young_souvlaki‭  ·  last activity 28d ago by Kamil Maciorowski‭

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Where does GtkFileChooserDialog store bookmarks?

I have some bookmarked folders in GtkFileChooserDialog. I want to add these to my dotfiles. Where are the bookmarks stored?

1 answer  ·  posted 1mo ago by matthewsnyder‭  ·  last activity 1mo ago by Quasímodo‭

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Run a command *later*

How can I run a command later? I'm looking for a CLI way to schedule a command to be run later. I know that I could create a systemd timer, install it, activate it... That is too much work. I want...

2 answers  ·  posted 1mo ago by matthewsnyder‭  ·  last activity 1mo ago by Canina‭

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+1 −0
Ergonomic way to search man pages

You often have to read man pages to use Linux/Unix software. However, many man pages are not easy to read. They are very long, not always conveniently arranged, and man does not appear to have any ...

3 answers  ·  posted 1mo ago by matthewsnyder‭  ·  last activity 1d ago by alx‭

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+2 −0
Highlight regions in an image with CLI

I have an image (a photo) and I want to highlight certain parts of this. I want to do this from the CLI. I am planning to store the pixel coordinates of polygon vertices in a file, and when I run ...

2 answers  ·  posted 1mo ago by matthewsnyder‭  ·  last activity 1mo ago by samcarter‭

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+1 −0
Do I have to update Guix frequently like Arch?

Guix is a rolling release distro. Another well known rolling release distro is Arch Linux. In Arch, you are expected to frequently do system updates. Partial updates are not supported. In my exper...

0 answers  ·  posted 1mo ago by matthewsnyder‭  ·  edited 1mo ago by matthewsnyder‭

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+0 −0
Do you still need to update archlinux-keyring before pacman -Syu?

For some time pacman used to have a problem where: Occasionally Arch maintainers introduce new GPG keys They start signing packages with the keys Your local pacman doesn't receive these until ...

0 answers  ·  posted 1mo ago by matthewsnyder‭

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Low impact trial installation of Guix to test hardware compatibility

I like how Guix sounds based on what I've read, and I want to try it. However, my partitioning scheme is a bit complicated. With Guix it appears like my biggest concern is hardware (I will regretta...

0 answers  ·  posted 2mo ago by matthewsnyder‭

60%
+1 −0
Static IP on wired LAN

I have an Arch Linux machine connected to a LAN by ethernet. The router runs OpenWRT. DHCP assigns IPs to this machine like 192.168.1.* - quite typical. I want the IP to always be 192.168.1.10. I...

2 answers  ·  posted 2mo ago by matthewsnyder‭  ·  last activity 28d ago by matthewsnyder‭

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Internet connection and touchpad not working on Ubuntu 22.04 after a force shut down

After a force shutdown on Ubuntu 22.04, installed on a Lenovo Legion 5, the OS seems to have lost its ability to recognize the built-in touchpad or to connect to the internet. For the backstory......

1 answer  ·  posted 2mo ago by Mithical‭  ·  last activity 1mo ago by matthewsnyder‭

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How to create ed25519 subkey in GPG?

At the moment GPG only offers the following options when generating a new subkey the with the addkey command: gpg> addkey Please select what kind of key you want: (3) DSA (sign only) (...

1 answer  ·  posted 2mo ago by Iizuki‭  ·  last activity 2mo ago by Iizuki‭

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How do you eval SSH agent output in fish?

SSH agent prints some envar commands for sourcing in a shell. However, these are bash-style, and I use fish. Fish barfs at the bash syntax. How can I fix it?

1 answer  ·  posted 2mo ago by matthewsnyder‭  ·  last activity 2mo ago by matthewsnyder‭

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+0 −0
SSH key added to agent, but keeps asking for password

I have my key added to ssh-agent and they show up in ssh-add -l. When I try to actually SSH to a host that requires the key, I still get prompted for a password. I enter it again and again and it s...

1 answer  ·  posted 2mo ago by matthewsnyder‭  ·  last activity 2mo ago by matthewsnyder‭

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How to securely erase data from a thumb (solid state) drive

How do you securely erase data from a thumb (USB/flash) drive? With traditional (magnetic/spinny) hard drives, it used to be that you could use various tools to simply overwrite with random data, ...

1 answer  ·  posted 2mo ago by matthewsnyder‭  ·  edited 2mo ago by matthewsnyder‭

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+1 −0
What does Gnome Disks "erase" do?

When formatting drives with Gnome Disks, there is an option to "Erase". The help text says this takes longer, but "completely" erases data. What exactly does this option do? Is there a CLI equival...

1 answer  ·  posted 2mo ago by matthewsnyder‭  ·  last activity 2mo ago by mr Tsjolder‭

66%
+2 −0
How to change the default app for opening directories in Gnome?

I somehow managed to unknowingly change the default app for opening directories on my laptop. E.g. when I use the option open containing folder in a program like Evince, my editor (vscode) opens u...

2 answers  ·  posted 2mo ago by mr Tsjolder‭  ·  last activity 2mo ago by matthewsnyder‭

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+0 −0
How to let systemd user unit see keys in SSH agent?

I have a script that does git fetch for a repository. When I run this in my shell it works fine. I want to run it in a systemd user unit. However, I am using an SSH url, and the systemd unit fails...

0 answers  ·  posted 2mo ago by matthewsnyder‭

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+0 −0
Starts systemd service and follow log

I can start services with systemctl start. I can see logs with systemctl status or journalctl. But by the time I run the second the process has already started. I'd like to start a service and imme...

2 answers  ·  posted 2mo ago by matthewsnyder‭  ·  last activity 1mo ago by AdminBee‭

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How to create systemd unit that depends on a website being up?

I'm going to write some systemd services. All of these can only be run if a certain website is up. I thought I could create a ~/.config/systemd/user/website.service this: [Unit] Description=Confi...

0 answers  ·  posted 2mo ago by matthewsnyder‭  ·  last activity 2mo ago by Mithical‭

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+1 −0
GUI apps stop working until next boot after some system upgrades

My system occasionally has an issue that looks like this: I run pacman -Syu Many things get updated Many GUI apps (including all display managers and Xorg) start refusing to run and throw up O...

1 answer  ·  posted 2mo ago by matthewsnyder‭  ·  last activity 2mo ago by mr Tsjolder‭

71%
+3 −0
How can I show hidden files and folders (with leading dot in name) on the desktop (actual desktop, not a window)?

I am using Linux Mint 20.3, with Cinnamon as a window manager. I have a folder named .pytest_cache on my Desktop: $ ls -1A | grep '^\.' .pytest_cache I know that if I open a Nemo window, navi...

0 answers  ·  posted 2mo ago by Karl Knechtel‭  ·  last activity 2mo ago by Mithical‭

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+2 −0
What does the "Valid" column mean in the output of "faillock"?

I was looking into unlocking my login after too many incorrect password attempts. I found this post about it. Doing faillock -user $(whoami) --reset did indeed unlock the login. However, what exac...

1 answer  ·  posted 2mo ago by matthewsnyder‭  ·  edited 2mo ago by AdminBee‭

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+0 −0
How to change keyboard layout without a DE?

I am running X on Arch Linux without a desktop environment, only i3. Sometimes I need to switch between typing in different languages. How do I switch my keyboard layout?

1 answer  ·  posted 2mo ago by matthewsnyder‭  ·  last activity 2mo ago by mr Tsjolder‭

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How can I change the timeout after too many incorrect login attempts?

When I enter the login password incorrectly 3 times, my computer locks me out from attempting a login for 10 minutes. How can I change the timeout?

1 answer  ·  posted 2mo ago by matthewsnyder‭  ·  last activity 2mo ago by matthewsnyder‭

71%
+3 −0
Increase incorrect login attempts before locking account

When I enter the login password incorrectly 3 times, my computer locks me out from attempting a login for 10 minutes. How can I increase the number of attempts?

2 answers  ·  posted 2mo ago by matthewsnyder‭  ·  last activity 2mo ago by r~~‭

66%
+2 −0
How to change the keyboard layout with Gnome and Arch linux?

My goal is to use a french AZERTY keyboard layout with Arch linux and Gnome desktop environment but use US English as "OS language". Note that I am also open to a "working" solution on any other d...

2 answers  ·  posted 2mo ago by zetyty‭  ·  edited 2mo ago by matthewsnyder‭

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Why does a reverse hexdump truncate the message?

$ echo "4c 6f 72 65 6d 20 69 70 73 75 6d 20 64 6f 6c 6f 72 20 73 69 74 20 61 6d 65 74 2c 20 63 6f 6e 73 65 63 74 65 74 75 72 20 61 64 69 70 69 73 63 69 6e 67 20 65 6c 69 74 2c" | xxd -r orem ipsum...

1 answer  ·  posted 2mo ago by TRiG‭  ·  edited 2mo ago by Canina‭

xxd
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+2 −0
How do I set up my own DNS on my LAN, with delegation of public domains?

I want to have a local DNS server on my home LAN, say at 192.168.1.123. All of my machines will use 192.168.1.123 as their only DNS server when connected to my home network. By default, my DNS ser...

1 answer  ·  posted 3mo ago by matthewsnyder‭  ·  last activity 2mo ago by Canina‭

dns
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+5 −0
What are the correct permissions for `~/.ssh/config`?

I got this message: Bad owner or permissions on /Users/rbiaa065/.ssh/config What should the permissions be to make ssh happy?

1 answer  ·  posted 3mo ago by wassied‭  ·  last activity 3mo ago by r~~‭

ssh
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Getting a Module Error When Running Pytest Even Though the Module is Installed in the Current Virtual Environment

Hello everyone, I am encountering an issue when running pytest in my virtual environment. Although I have installed the required modules in my virtual environment using pip, I am still getting a M...

0 answers  ·  posted 3mo ago by ShadowsRanger‭  ·  edited 3mo ago by ShadowsRanger‭

62%
+3 −1
Simplest way of stripping leading/trailing whitespace from file or program output

What is the simplest shell idiom for stripping leading and trailing whitespace from a file or program output? Ideally I am looking for the equivalent of trim or strip methods in some languages. Th...

3 answers  ·  posted 3mo ago by matthewsnyder‭  ·  last activity 2mo ago by AdminBee‭